LO2: Storyboards!

Peer feedback

Based on the feedback that I have received one of the main things that need to be improved is to take out the night vision since is has been filmed in the day and also the audio of Hayley needs to be amplified. 

Lesson review

In today's lesson I will be completing the peer assessment coversheet for a different student's film trailer.

LO3: Production Schedule

In today's lesson I will be completing some of the editing of the film trailer.

This is my production schedule for the week.

This will fulfil L04

Lesson review.

In today's lesson I have completed Reece for two locations and I have also completed the Risk assessment for them.

 This fulfils LO2. 

LO3: Lesson objective

In today's lesson I will be completing the Reece and the risk assessment for one of the locations to be filmed in. 

Lesson review

In today's lesson I have recruited two other people to replace me and keenen, and I have also started the edit log. 

LO3: Production Schedule

For the next week ( 1st - 5th december) I will be completing the following objectives according to my production schedule.

LO2: Call Sheet

LO2: Call Sheet

 

Lesson review

In today's lesson I have recored the first scene of the film trailer. 

This will fulfil LO4 

Next lesson I will be editing the footage that has been collected and start making title graphics.

LO3: Lesson objective.

In today's lesson I will be filming the first two scenes of the film trailer which will be outside the basement and outside the college.

LO3: Production Schedule

Week 3

LO3: Shot log and edit log.

Shot log / footage log:
This is a record of shots or footage that you have filmed, this allows you to evaluate the usable shots and what shots needed to re-film.
Edit log:
This is used to record footage / shots taken and sfx audio to use in your productions.

 

 

Edit log

 

 

 

 

 

LO2: Storyborad

In today's lesson I have edited my storyboards and I have collected all of the paperwork for the trailer. 

LO2: Lesson review

In today's lesson I have completed the theory work that would enable me to complete the work up to a merit level. For project time I need to complete the character profile to I ensure I have made progress.

LO2: Task 3 NRS

NRS stands for - National readership survey ltd is a separate organisation specialising in demographic information.
Lifestyle is - denoting advertising or products designed to appeal to a consumer by association with a desirable lifestyle.
Spending power is - the ability to spend money after paying taxes

LO2: Lesson review

In today's lesson I have completed the new script for the film trailer.

For monday, I will need to complete the remainder of the story boards. 

This will complete LO2.

LO2: Consent forms.

LO2: Production Schedule

No.2

Production Process: LO2 (Locations, recce and risk assessment)

Location

  

Lesson review.

In today's lesson I have collected all of the pictures of the locations within college. 

 

I have also completed the editing section of the storyboards.

This will fulfil LO2

LO2: Lesson objectives.

In today's lesson I need to redo the storyboards and put the pictures of the locations on my blog. 

This will fulfil LO2 

LO2: Lesson objectives.

In today's lesson I will be completing recce of locations and complete the task on the production schedule.

LO2: Pre-production planning.

In today's lesson we will completing the pre-production material ready to film on monday 17th November. The team roles for this group are:

• Andre - Storyboard, Production schedule, Release and consent forms.
• Haley - Release and consent forms and recce of locations.
• Brooke - Script. 
• Flic - Call sheets.

LO2: Production Schedule

In todays lesson i have completed the production schedule. 

Lesson review

In todays lesson I will be completing the production schedule which is part of what needs to be completed by friday. 

This will fulfil LO2

LO2: Gantt chart

In todays lesson I have completed the Gantt chart for the process of making the trailer. 

This completes LO2.

Lesson objective.

In todays lesson I will be completing the ganttchart for the film trailer.

This is fulfil LO2. 

LO2 Treatment. The following + The Lockdown.

THE LOCKDOWN, WILDFIRE PRODUCTIONS.


THE BRIEF
For this task we will be making a film trailer in the style of Warp.

TARGET AUDIENCE
18+, this is due to all the violence and murder and would not be appropriate for a younger audience. This will be aimed at a male audience due to all the violence. The film will also be aimed at the ABC1 category.


SEGMENT SYNOPSIS AND HOW IT RELATES TO THE BRIEF
4 students are in the college after hours, while the basement shutters are up they go down there to see what its like and accidentally get locked in there. As they know they are going to be stuck in there for the night they continue to film until the morning to pretend to be like other films that document their experience. As they look at some funny footage they recorded, they replay it and see a mysterious figure in the distance. As they go in the same direction of where the figure was they enter the room and the door shuts mysteriously without any of the known characters doing it. knowing something strange is going on they look around the basement to try and get some answers.

KEY MILESTONES
Planning (Find location, find the cast etc.)
Get equipment/ props
Arrange meet ups (Inc. times, dates etc.)
Film
Edit
Add non-diegetic sounds


EQUIPMENT
Camera
Boom mic
Dolly
Lights
Tripod


PROPS AND MODELS
Camera
Phone
Torch

HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Make sure not to leave camera bags on the floor in case someone trips.
Make sure that the equipment does not overheat/ get wet.
Make sure that actors are wearing suitable footwear.
Must be careful when crossing roads/ over tram tracks etc.


LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The BBFC is a non governmental organisation which is funded by the film industry, there job is to regulate any of the films within the UK. According to the BBFC's guidelines the film trailer that we will be making would have the age rating 15, this is because the will some cases of strong violence and some foul language. Therefore this trailer will be shown after the watershed (9pm) because the unsuitable material listed earlier cannot be shown before this time as children may be watching television. It is important that we follow the guidelines that the BBFC have put in place, this is because they are put there for the benefit of the public. So violating any of these rules would compromise the protection of the public from things they should not see.

For our productions the guidelines that we need to follow are:
Violence - May be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. Programmes must not include material (whether in individual programmes or in programmes taken together) which, taking into account the context, condones or glamorises violent, dangerous or seriously antisocial behaviour and is likely to encourage others to copy such behaviour.

Methods of suicide and self-harm must not be included in programmes except where they are editorially justified and are also justified by the context.
Language - There may be strong language. Very strong language may be permitted depending on the manner in which it is used.

According to Ofcom who regulate broadcasting on TV, for our production these are the rules we must follow (Material that might seriously impair the physical, mental or moral development of people under eighteen must not be broadcast). We must not show swearing, graphic violence, explicit sex scenes or alcohol and drugs before the watershed. (The watershed is at 9pm; ). Due to this our trailer will therefore be shown post watershed, as according to the BBFC the film certificate for our film will be an 15 as we include slight violence.

DISTRIBUTION

This trailer would most likely to access able on YOUTUBE and the website of the film company WARP FILMS. Youtube has something for everyone so any sort of trailer would appear on youtube for the people to view it. It would appear on the website on warp films because the contents of the trailer is very similar to the types films that they make, like their films our film trailer is targeted towards a niche audience. This would also be available in showroom cinemas, although these cinemas show a range of big hollywood films there are also known for showing a lot of indie films. Our film trailer is more of an indie product so it would be suitable for showroom cinemas. It can also be shown in regular cinemas, this would widen the audience for our product.

*This is the one that we have decided on doing.

THE FOLLOWING, WILDFIRE PRODUCTIONS.


THE BRIEF
For this task, we are making a film trailer in the style of warp.


TARGET AUDIENCE
15+, females because the narrative is based on females, and the female audience will be routing for her to escape; 15+ due to the fact that it isn't too violent or sexualized

SEGMENT SYNOPSIS AND HOW IT RELATES TO THE BRIEF
Shane is in love with Emily, however she is already in a relationship with Sam. Shane kills off Sam in a jealous rage, but keeps the fact that it was he from Emily; he begins to comfort her during her loss. As the pieces begin to fit together she realises that Shane kills Sam and attempts to escape but Shane catches her and keeps her captive in his basement that leads to Emily's sister (Rebecca) trying to rescue her. (Characters: 2 girls, 2 boys). This links to the brief as we have been asked to make a film trailer.

KEY MILESTONES
Planning (Find location, find the cast etc.)
Get equipment/ props
Arrange meet ups (Inc. times, dates etc.)
Film
Edit
Add non-diegetic sounds

KEY DATES
27th October 2014 pre-production planning
10th November 2014- 12th December: filming
19th December 2014 onwards: editing
30th March 2015 - Final Submission
April 13th - Launch date



EQUIPMENT
Camera
Boom mic
Dolly
Lights
Tripod


PROPS AND MODELS
Rope
Gun
Bullets
Keys
Phone

HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Be careful when running on stairs, and also be careful on slippery floors if wet, and watch out for doors.
Make sure not to leave camera bags on the floor in case someone trips.
Make sure that the equipment does not overheat/ get wet.
Make sure that actors are wearing suitable footwear.
Must be careful when crossing roads/ over tram tracks etc.
For each location that we film in as part of this production we will complete a Recce form and a Risk assessment.

LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The BBFC is a non governmental organisation which is funded by the film industry, there job is to regulate any of the films within the UK. According to the BBFC's guidelines the film trailer that we will be making would have the age rating 15, this is because the will some cases of strong violence and some foul language. Therefore this trailer will be shown after the watershed (9pm) because the unsuitable material listed earlier cannot be shown before this time as children may be watching television. It is important that we follow the guidelines that the BBFC have put in place, this is because they are put there for the benefit of the public. So violating any of these rules would compromise the protection of the public from things they should not see.

For our productions the guidelines that we need to follow are:
Violence - May be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. Programmes must not include material (whether in individual programmes or in programmes taken together) which, taking into account the context, condones or glamorises violent, dangerous or seriously antisocial behaviour and is likely to encourage others to copy such behaviour.

Methods of suicide and self-harm must not be included in programmes except where they are editorially justified and are also justified by the context.
Language - There may be strong language. Very strong language may be permitted depending on the manner in which it is used.

According to Ofcom who regulate broadcasting on TV, for our production these are the rules we must follow (Material that might seriously impair the physical, mental or moral development of people under eighteen must not be broadcast). We must not show swearing, graphic violence, explicit sex scenes or alcohol and drugs before the watershed. (The watershed is at 9pm; ). Due to this our trailer will therefore be shown post watershed, as according to the BBFC the film certificate for our film will be an 15 as we include slight violence.

DISTRIBUTION
This trailer would most likely to access able on YOUTUBE and the website of the film company WARP FILMS. Youtube has something for everyone so any sort of trailer would appear on youtube for the people to view it. It would appear on the website on warp films because the contents of the trailer is very similar to the types films that they make, like their films our film trailer is targeted towards a niche audience. This would also be available in showroom cinemas, although these cinemas show a range of big hollywood films there are also known for showing a lot of indie films. Our film trailer is more of an indie product so it would be suitable for showroom cinemas. It can also be shown in regular cinemas, this would widen the audience for our product.

*This one is a backup plan just in case for some reason we are having trouble with the first one.

LO1: Examples of audio visual products.

Marks & Spencer.

 
Marks & Spencer - (2014) Food advert. [Last accessed at 24/10/14], Youtube.


Natural world - Clever Monkeys.

 Natural world - Clever Monkeys - (2014) Documentary. [Last accessed at 24/10/14], Youtube.


Autumn / Fall make up, Zoella.

Autumn / Fall make up, Zoella - (2014) Vlog. [Last accessed at 24/10/14], Youtube.

Plastic

Plastic - (2013) Short film. [Last accessed at 24/10/14], Youtube.

lesson review.

In todays lesson I have completed: 

Lesson review.

In todays lesson:

• I have noted down the title graphics and the transitions of three of the five film trailers. 

I will now complete the editing and sound for the five film trailers by the 24th of october. This will complete the full analysis of the film trailers and it will also complete LO1.

Lesson objectives.

In todays lesson: 

• I will be writing down examples of the transitions and title graphics for three of the five film trailers. 

This is fulfil LO1

Lesson review

I have also completed the last part of my shot angles for trainsoptting. 

This completed LO1

Lesson objectives.

In today's lesson:
I will be completing the shot angels for 'trainspotting' 

This will complete LO1

Lesson review.

In today's lesson i have completed:

• The shot types for all film trailers.
• Corrected the spellings for two trailers. 

I need to complete:

• The corrections of the spellings for the rest of the trailers.  

This will complete LO1

Peer assessment.

I am going to use microsoft office word to improve the spelling of my analysis

This will complete LO1 

Lesson review.

In todays lesson if have:

• Completed the corrections for four of my film trailers.
• Completed the missing sections of the film trailers.
• Added detail to Dinkey punch.

LO1: Lesson objective.

In todays lesson:

• I will be making the corrections needed to gain the pass mark.

This is will fulfil LO1. 

LO1: Feedback.

One of my strengths from the feedback sheet is that I have detailed examples that are supported by theories.

To improve my response I will mention why film trailers are non linear and, the other improvement would be to add detail to 'donkey punch' and C / D section to achieve a pass grade. 

This will fulfil LO1. 

Lesson review.

In today's lesson:

• I have completed four of my five camera work analysis for my film trailers.
• I have corrected some of my grammer mistakes in my analysis.

LO1: Lesson objectives.

In today's lesson I will be:

• Completing the camera work for all of the film trailers.
• proof read my analysis
• Make any corrections if needed.

Self reflection.

From looking at my analysis I need to improve the grammer of my answers so that it is clear to read. I also need to add more detail about how certain trailers entertain the audience.

Lesson review

In today's lesson I have completed:

• The shots types of the first film trailer. 

In project time:

• In need to complete the camera work for the four other trailers.
• Read through all of my analysis.

Lesson objective

In today's lesson i will be completing:

• Completing the camera work section of the analysis of the five film trailers. 

This fulfils LO1. 

Lesson Review

In today's lesson I have learnt:

•  what a whip pan and a tracking shot is.
• what a deep depth and a shallow depth focus is.
• what a rule of thirds is.
• John thomas-smith created the rule of thirds.

Lesson review.

In today's lesson I have:

• Completed two of the five narrative structures for my film trailers. 

For project time I need to:

• Complete the remaining narrative structures.
• Edit my analysis to fix the problems. 

This fulfil LO.

LO1: Narrative Structures.

LO1: Lesson objective.

In today's lesson i will:

• Complete the narrative structure section of the analysis of my five film trailers.

Lesson review.

In today's lesson:

• I have edited analysis of two of my trailers.
• I have completed up to pinot three ( props) of the mise en scene part of my analysis for trainspotting.

For project time I will:

• Complete the analysis for trainspotting and Kill list.

LO1: Analysis of audio visual promos.

In today's lesson:
I will complete the mise en scene analysis of my 5 film trailers that I want to pastiche.
This will enable me to complete section C and D for LO1: understand audio visual promos.

 

This fulfils LO1.

LO1: Project time and homework.

During this week i will be completing:

•  The mise en scene for the two reminding filming trailers
• Input the correct headings to organize my analysis.
• Add extra detail for the purpose of the trailers.

Mise en scene.

In today's lesson I will be completing:
The Mise en scene analysis part of analysing my film trailers. 

Lesson review (LO1)

In today's lesson i have:

• Changed one of my trailers to one that is more suited to the type of trailer that i want to create.
• Completed three of the five analysis of the film trailers.  

For homework i need to:

• Complete the two remaining analysis of the trailers.

Research of audio visual promos

In today's lesson:
I will complete section a,b,e as part of Learning Outcome one (Understand audio-visual promos) to be developed further into a written textual analysis/presentation/commentary over audio visual content.
 This fulfils L01.

Lesson review.

In this lesson I have:

• Collected the five videos.

What i need to do is:

• Plan for the analysis.

• complete the analysis.        

For homework I need to:

• download the 5 youtube videos and complete the analysis by the 24th of september.

LO1: Five film trailer analysis

1. Submarine

Submarine - (2010) Trailer. Directed by Richard AYODAE. UK: Warp Films. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-WCCdkVDr4 [ Last accessed 10/9.14 ]

This audio-visual product is a trailer and its main purpose is to entertain the audience. All audio-visual products are mediated to create a preferred reading (Stuart Hall 1980) to the audience. The preferred reading (Hall 1980) of Submarine is about a 15 year old boy named Oliver how is in love with Jordana, along with trying to impress Jordana he is also monitoring the sex life of his parents. The genre of this trailer is comedy; the trailer shows the audio what it is like being inside the head of a 15 year old. 
Form - It is important that trailers are non-linear because if it weren’t then there would be no need to watch the film it is promoting, as you already know how and when the events of the film are going to happen from watching the trailer.
The mise en scene that is used within the trailer creates a variety of representations:

Location - One of the locations that are denoted in the trailer is the school of Oliver. This connotes the stereotype of the type of film that the trailer is promoting as in society most school students are seen as delinquent teenagers. Another location that is the house of Oliver, this connotes how Oliver become the person that he is. To his peers Oliver is seen as quite strange however, when you see his family it is clear that the behaviour of the parents has been reflected in Oliver.

Costume and make up - The costumes that the main characters wear reflects their personality. Oliver's choice of clothes is quite retro and quirky he is always seen in the same outfit, which is quite formal. This connotes to the audience that Oliver is quite strange but is very exclusive. Jordana's choice of clothes is very different from what the stereotypical girl of her age would where. This connotes that Jordana is more confident in herself and is needing of attention of other people. This challenges the theory of 'male gaze' (Laura Mulvey 1975), Laura Mulvey suggest that woman are represented as sexy objects. However jordana challenges that theory by dressing out of the ordinary. An example of this is when Jordana is with Oliver in is house; she is seen in a big jumper covering most of her body. This goes against one of the stereotypes of teenage girls is that they wear skimpy clothes that reveal a lot of skin.

Props - One of the main props that are used is a briefcase that is used by Oliver, normally a briefcase is used as a stereotype for a very formal business type man in a high field of work. However within this trailer it is used to connote the class of Oliver.

Gestures - The body movement of both of the main characters connotes that they are seen as socially awkward. Both of the main characters body movement are very much different to the rest of the people within the trailer. Oliver's posture is very good with his back and his head up with connotes that he has had a better upbringing than the rest of the students his age that you see. Jordana's posture is also very good which is unusual for the girl of her age. Most of the girls her age put on the male gaze (Mulvey 1975) to attract all of the males in the school. However her posture combined with the clothes that she wear challenge this, this connotes that she is one of the rare group of people her age who are more academically advanced.

Lighting and colours - The lighting that is encoded in the trailer is both low key and high key. Within the trailer the high key lighting is encoded to connote to the audience the emotions of the characters, mainly Oliver. Since he is mostly lusting over Jordana the colours are very bright and vibrant. However, the low-key lighting that is within the trailer is encoded is used for a different purpose than indicating the enigma. In this instance the low-key lighting is used to connote romance between Oliver and Jordana. In other film genre's like romance one of the ideologies of that genre is the low-key lighting the connote romance therefore; this is encoded in the Submarine trailer to indicate the romance. This is shown within the trailer when Jordana had gone to visit Oliver at his house.  

Narrative structures.

According to Tzvetan Todorov's theory, all stories that are told are told in the same way, which are within the four key stages:

1. Equilibrium

2. Disruption

3. Action

4. Restoration of equilibrium

This trailer follows Todorov's theory; the equilibrium in the trailer is at the beginning where Oliver goes through his routine of observing his parents. The disruption comes into play when he starts to gain feelings for his love interest Jordana. The actions comes when he decided to pluck out the courage to ask out Jordana. And finally the restoration of the equilibrium is when Oliver and Jordana are now together, creating a new balance. With Todorov’s theory, although stages 1 and 4 seem the same they do have some differences. The difference between them is that stage 4 may not always be the same as stage 1; depending on the size of the disruption it can shape a completely new balance. Although the trailer follows this structure, the events that take place in the trailer are not in order. This makes the trailer non-linear. 

Another theory about audiovisual products comes from Kate Domaille. Her theory states that every story ever told can fit into eight narrative types.

1. Achilles.

2. Candide.

3. Cinderella.

4. Circe.

5. Faust.

6. Orpheus.

7. Romeo and Juliet.

8. Tristan and Iseult.

This trailer falls into 'Romeo and Juliet' section. This is because of Oliver's situation with Jordana; Oliver is in love with her and wants to start a relationship with her.   



Shot types and camera angles.

At the beginning of the trailer the establishing shot is used, this is where Oliver is seen looking out of into the sea. This shot is used within the trailer to set the scene, although there is nothing that denotes the actual location of where he is the establishing shot is use to connote the importance if the location. This is proven throughout the trailer where Jordana and Oliver (mainly Oliver) are often seen at the location. One of the other main shot types that are used in the trailer is the medium close up shot. This shot is used within the trailer to connote all of the characters on scene. At the beginning of the trailer their are a lot of characters that are introduced therefore, to prevent spending a mass amount of time on the introduction of the characters the medium close up shot is use to group the characters together and display them that way. One of the other shot types that are used is the close up; this is used within the trailer to show the emotions of the characters. Because one of the main themes of submarine is about relationships, it is important that the emotions of the characters are shown to connote how they feels towards other characters. This can also create a connection between the characters and the audience.

Some of the camera angels that are encoded in the trailer connote to the audience how some of the stereotypes about gender are challenged. One of these camera angles is the high angle; the high angle is used to show the weakness of a character. 

Editing.

One type of editing techniques that are denoted in the trailer is the title graphics, these title graphics connote to the audience the different sections of the trailer. An example of this is at 0.22 seconds into the trailer, ' Introduce Protagonist '. This is an indication of a new topic of the narrative. The other title graphics that are encoded in the trailer are what other popular review magazines have said about the film. Another editing type that is denoted in the trailer is the wipe, this connotes to the audience a new scene. An example of this is after each title graphic in the trailer, to present the new scene the title graphic would either wipe up or wipe down.

Sound - The non-diegetic sound in the trailer is very quirky and quite upbeat, this connotes to the audience of the type of character Oliver is and the overall mood of the trailer at the time. The non-diegetic sound in the trailer the changes to a more calm and soothing which connotes the stability of the mood in the trailer. 

Intended audience.

The intended audience of this trailer is for girls who are between the age of 14 - 18, this is because of the age and the gender of the characters. The two main characters are both teenagers who are in love with each other, one of the stereotypes of girls is that they are into rom/coms and find relationships to be cute. The age of the characters is also important for the intended audience because if a person is of the same age of the characters in the film trailer then they can relate to the film.  

2. Tyrannosaur

Tyrannosaur - (2011) Trailer. Directed by Paddy CONSIDINE. UK: Warp Films. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvyqXFmV-LI [ Last accessed 10/9/14 ]

This trailer promotes the narrative of the film which is about a troubled man who has befriends a woman who a victim of domestic abuse. As the story continues you see how the woman deals which her husband abusive.

The purpose of this film trailer is to inform and to entertain the audience. The trailer also promotes the moral within the film, which is to promote the awareness of domestic abuse. This is because throughout the film trailer it showcases one of the main themes with is domestic abuse. This makes the film trailer fit into the genre of a drama. Drama is the obvious genre in the film trailer as the mood does not change at any time and it stays very melancholy.

 Within this trailer the mise en scene that are encoded within the trailer are used to create a preferred reading (Hall 1980) for example the location. The locations that are denoted are centred around a lower socioeconomic town where widower Joseph is seen joylessly drinking. This creates a preferred reading (Hall 1980) of stereotypical gender representations of a male in which the males drinks his problems away and takes out his anger on someone or something else that is weaker. The costumes that are used within the trailer are also part of the mise en scene that is used to create a preferred reading for the audience. For both of the main characters (Joseph and Hannah), their costumes denotes very dark clothing, this connotes the point they are at in their lives and also their thoughts and feelings.

The body movement and gesture of the characters with this trailer connotes to the audience their personality for example Joseph. Throughout the trailer Joseph is seen walking around with his fists clinched, this connotes to the audience that he is a very aggressive person. This is shown multiple times in the trailer, one example of this is when the Joseph is shown to be destroying a zinc shelter with a baseball bat. On the other hand the body movements and gestures of the Hannah connotes the opposite of Joseph's personality. Despite the problems that she has been coping with she is seen to be more relaxed, her movements are smoother which connotes that she is more welcoming. An example of this is seen in the beginning of the trailer when Hannah invites Joseph into her shop to look after him.

 The colours within the trailer create a preferred reading for the audience of danger, as Hannah is seen in with more and more bruises it connotes to the audience that she is danger. The colours indicate this. The lighting in the trailer is very low key which is used to reinforce the genre if the trailer which is a drama. This creates verisimilitude. The gender representations within the trailer shows the ideologies of what people think the male and female roles are, in which the males are the dominant ones and the females are less dominant and need protecting the most. The trailer denotes the woman (Hannah) being consistently beaten by her husband, this connotes to the audience that she is being used as a sex object, which is one of the ideologies towards the male and the female role.   Throughout the trailer there is a type of editing that is mainly used which is the fade to black, this shows an ellipsis. This has been encoded also to create a preferred meaning of domestic abuse can take shape, it is not something that many people can notice and it happens over a long period of time. The editing also corresponds with the narrative of the film, at the beginning of the trailer where the mood is very melancholic there are many cut scenes and each on show for around 2-3 seconds. However as Joseph begins to become closer to Hannah, the scenes become longer to connote the intensity of there friendship. When you start to see the darker side of Hannah's life the editing reverts back to the quick scenes and the low-key lighting. Along with the editing there is also the sound. At the start the music is very slow and is quiet, this connotes the life of Joseph. However as he begins to open up he blossoms with the music, the music become intense enough to overpower the trailer. This connotes Joseph becoming the better person as now he has left his old life behind and is able to help others (Hannah).

Narrative structures.

This trailer challenges Todorov's narrative theory. His theory tells us that each story goes through the 4 key stages. However the trailer starts with the disruption and it ends on the disruption. The trailer does not show any sort of equilibrium. This is shown within the trailer when Joseph is shown in the opening parts of the trailer being attacked by a masked man. The disruption is shown towards the end of the trailer when you see 'Hannah' progressively being beaten by her husband. As with all trailers, this one is non-linear, they are non-linear so that it can create suspense for the audience, which would encourage people to watch the film/ 

With Kate Domaille theory this trailer falls into the section of Tristan and Iseult. This is because although 'Hannah' is being beaten by her husband and she doesn't love him, she is still with him. Therefore as Joseph begins to have feelings for 'Hannah' it then becomes a love triangle. 

Shot types and angles.

The beginning of the trailer begins with an establishing shot, which connotes to the audience the importance of that location. This becomes evident within the trailer as most of the scenes are centred around that location. In most film trailers the establishing shot is denoted to connote to the audience the where most is the action will be taking place. One of the other significant shot types that are denoted within the trailer is the close up; this connotes the emotions of the characters. This is important because the genre of the film trailer is a drama; the elements within the trailer have an impact on the emotions of the characters. So therefore the close up allows the audience to see how character has been affected by the events of the trailer. Another shot that is used id the medium close up, this shot is encoded in the trailer to connote the on screen relationship between the two main characters. This is evident within the trailer where you see Hannah helping Joseph with his tie. Along with the shot types there are also camera angles, some of them camera angles connotes to the audience meaning behind some of the scenes. One of the camera angles the is encoded in the trailer is the high angle, this is encoded the connote to the audience weakness. This angle is use more often as the trailer progress; this corresponds with Hannah as she is being beaten by her husband. Her being beaten shows that she is weaker than the husband so therefore the high angel can be encoded. In contrast to this the low angel is encoded in the trailer to emphasise the dominance of a character and in this case it is Joseph. This angel is encoded to connote to the audience that Joseph is Hannah's paladin, the man she looks up to. This reinforces the stereotypes about gender, where the women are the vulnerable who relay on men to rescue them. This becomes evident towards the end of the trailer where you see Joseph comfort Hannah after she has her night terror.  Along with this there are also different types of focus that are encoded in the trailer; one of these is the shallow depth focus. Within this trailer the shallow depth focus is used connote to the audience how is talking in a conversation. This type of focus is normally used in a medium close up shot where there are two people on screen so the shallow depth focus is an indication of who is talking. Another type of focus that is encoded in the trailer is the deep depth focus. In this trailer the deep depth focus is used to connote that the something or someone is the most important thing that is on screen in that moment, in this case it is Hannah that is being observed. 

Editing. 

One of the other significant editing techniques that are used in the trailer is the fade to black, an example of this is at 0.45 seconds into the trailer. This connotes to the audience that there is a passage of time, so therefore it connotes to the audience the decline of one of the main protagonist Hannah. Another significant editing type that is encoded in the trailer are the title graphics, this is one of the most common type of editing in film trailers. In this trailer the title graphics are used to present to the audience the this is an award winning film and it would be worth watching, the title graphics also allows the trailer to complete one of its purpose's which is to promote the film. One example of a title graphic in the trailer is 'An outstanding Directional début from Paddy Considine'.

Sound -  The non-diegetic sound in the trailer is very dark and slow paced which connotes to the audience 

   

Target audience.

The target audience for this film would be 18+, this is because of the content within it. An example of this is when Joseph is seen with a sledge hammer standing over the dog. This creates a preferred reading (Hall 1980) to the audience that he is intending on using it on the dog. This is very gruesome and it wouldn't be very appropriate for anyone who is under the age of 18. Also, the problems hat the film talks about mainly affects older people like people who are in there late teens or higher.

3. Donkey Punch

Donkey Punch - (2008) Trailer. Directed by Oliver BLACKBURN. UK: Warp Films. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6g7JNDqZiXw [ Last accessed 10/9/14]

This audio visual product is a trailer and its main purpose is to entertain the audience. All audio visual products are mediated to create a preferred reading ( Stuart Hall 1980 ) to the audience. The preferred reading ( Hall 1980 ) of Donkey punch is about a group of females who attract the attention of a group of males. They are invited to their yacht to have a bit more 'fun', however thing soon turn sour when one of the girls is killed while the sexual act ' Donkey punch' was preformed on her. The genre that is showcased within the trailer is a thriller.
Form - Like all film trailers this film trailer is non-linear, it has to be non-linear because if it wasn't then the audience would have watched the film from the film trailer. This means that the film trailer would have filed in one of its purpose's which is to promote the film.
The mise en scene that is used within this trailer creates a variety of representations:
Location - One of the locations that are denoted is a crowed bar in Spain, this location connotes to the audience as insight to what to expect to see on the holiday, this is because Spain is one of the locations that are popular with young people as it is cheap. Therefore a person may expect to see sex drugs and alcohol. This also create verisimilitude, as this can be easily relatable to people of that age group. Another location that is denoted is a yacht that is placed in the Mediterranean sea, this connotes to the audience that there will probably be some sort of trip an island.
Gestures - The body movement and gestures of some of the main characters are used to create a preferred meaning to the audience about how girls sexualise themselves for attention. An example of this is when the four girls are walking into the party waving their arms in the air. This action forces their chest out which puts their breasts up for display. However the men are very different, they are mainly seen in the trailer with their hands beside them being very inactive. These examples connotes to the audience one of the stereotypes of gender where by the women are more expressive with there emotions and the men tend to try and be the macho one.
Costume and make up - Within the trailer the girls are seen wearing very provocative clothing, the dresses that they wear do show a lot of skin. This is one of the ideologies about gender, according to the male gaze theory ( Laura Mulvey 1975 ) where by women are represented as sex objects. The girls within the trailer are aware of this and they do to get the attention of other males. However the clothes that the males wear are very simple but their accessories are very flashy. This is one of the stereotypes of males where by the men like to show off the things that they have to impress the females. An example of this is where one of the males is seen wearing the a big gold chain.
Lighting and colour - The lighting that is within the trailer shows both low key and high key. At the beginning when the girls were relishing in the excitement of their holiday the lighting was high key and the colours were very bright and vibrant however, when the enigma presents itself the lighting changed to being low key and the colours are very dark. These changes in colours and lighting connotes the verisimilitude of the trailer.

Narrative Structure 

This is another trailer that challenges Todorov's theory as it only shows the equilibrium and the disruption. The equilibrium is shown at the beginning where the girls are seen partying, the enigma then becomes present when one of the girls is killed when the sexual act donkey punch is performed on her. This narrative structure is something that you would expect to see in this type of genre because thrillers are supposed to leave people wanting more, therefore by having the trailer end on the disruption it completes its purpose. Like all film trailers this film trailer is non-linear, it has to be non-linear because if it wasn't then the audience would have watched the film from the film trailer. This means that the film trailer would have filed in one of its purpose's which is to promote the film.

Regarding Kate Domailie's theory, this trailer falls into the category of Orpheus. This is because the enigma of the trailer is when one of the girls had been killed by one of the men, the girl that had been killed had seemed to be very close friends with the rest of the girls. So therefore the loss of something personal places this trailer in the category of Orpheus.    

Shot types and camera angles. 



The beginning of the trailer begins with a panning shot, this is encoded in the trailer to set the scene. This becomes evident in the first 17 seconds of the trailer where you can see the resort in which the girls would be staying in.  The trailer also uses the establishing shot, which connotes to the audience that they should expect to see a lot of the action to take place in that location. An example of this is when the trailer shows the audience a view of the yacht, which is where the enigma in the trailer happens. One of the main shots that are used in the trailer is the medium close up shot which is used in the trailer to show all of the characters on scene. This shit is encoded in the trailer to connote to the audience the importance of the characters that are on scene, in some trailers a close up shot would be used to as an indication for the audience so they know who is the most important person on scene. An example of this medium shot is 22 seconds within the trailer when the girls are seen walking to the destination of the party. Another shot that is used in the trailer is the close up shot, this shot is denoted in the trailer to connote to the audience the emotion of the characters. This is shown in the trailer after 28 seconds, where by the camera is focused on two of the antagonist within the trailer, you can see how the mood has changed by the expression on his face.

Editing. 

One of the editing techniques that is encoded in the trailer is the fade to white, this is used as an ellipsis to connote a passage of time. An example of this 0.36 seconds, where the fade to white is used to show the time it has taken for the girls to end up on the boy's yacht. Another editing technique that is encoded in the trailer are multiple successive cuts. An example of this is at 1.11 - 1.13. This is used in the trailer to connote to the audience the enigma that has occurred.

Sound - The use of non-diegetic sound in this trailer is very upbeat and fast paced which reflects the mood of the group of girls as they are partying. The non-diegetic sound changes to more calming and soothing after you can see Joseph reconciling with Hannah.

Target audience. 

The target audience for this film would be for 18+, this is because of the sexual content within it. Although the minimum age for a person to have sex is 16, it is quite taboo for someone of that age to do it. Therefore this film would only be suitable for adults only.  

4. TRAINSPOTTING

TRAINSPOTTING - (1996) Trailer. Directed by Danny BOYLE. UK PolyGram Filmed. Available at:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sl6O7sad9hI  [ Last accessed 12/9/14 ]

The main purpose of this trailer is to educate and entertain the audience. The trailer shows us the narrative of the film which is about a group of friends who are all heroin addicts however, it is mainly based around the character "Renton" who thinks that he can beat his heroin addict without any help. The genre of this trailer is a comedy, although the theme of the trailer is a very serious problem there is a comedic twist on the problem. The preferred reading of the trailer is that taking drugs can lead to serious problems so therefore you stay away from them.
Form - Like all film trailers this film trailer is non-linear, the point of the trailer being non-linear is so that is creates mystery for audience. This would make them want to watch the film to find out what happens.
The mise en scene that is used within this trailer creates a variety of representations:
Location - Within the trailer the locations that are denoted are a centred around a small town in Edinburgh, mainly in a flat that the group of friends share to participate in the preparation and the consumption of drugs which connotes the stereotypes of the common drug user. Another location that is denoted is the house of 'Renton' however, this challenges he connotation of the of the stereotypical life of a drug dealer as the location of his house is within a upper class area and also his family is well off. His behaviour within the trailer does not match the characters background.
Costume and make up - The costumes that the main characters wear within the trailer are encoded to create a preferred reading (Stuart Hall 1980) to the audience about the lives of drug user. Within the trailer the costumes that the characters were wearing where very outdated and they didn't fit right on their body, this connotes to the audience the impact of drugs. As the characters become more addicted to heroin they had to buy more and more, this resulted in the characters not having any money to spend on themselves. This also becomes clear in 'Renton's' style of clothing, with his trainers being spoiled by wear and tear and his t-shirts fitting him more like a crop top.
Gestures - The body movement of some of the main characters represents their personality for example Begbie. Begbie always walks with his back straight with his head held high, he also has walks around with his fist clinched. This connotes his masculinity, his good posture presents him as the dominant male. Due to the nature of the character with Begbie being very violent, his fist are always clinched which connotes that he is always looking for and is prepared for a fight. However with other characters such as Spud, his posture connotes that he is more flamboyant. His posture is stereotypical of a females posture would be like, his natural stance is with one of his hands to his hip and one of his legs being straighter than the other. This contrast connotes how different type of people can be united by one common thing, drugs.
Lighting and colour - The lighting that has been encoded within the trailer is very high key, this connotes that the mood of the characters within the trailer is very happy and energetic. The lighting within the trailer corresponds with the current state of health with some of the main characters within the trailer. When the characters seem to be showing the effects of the drugs that they have  been taking the colours are very bright and intense however, when the drugs seem to be out of their system the colours are less intense, this connotes to the audience the mind set of the drug user In this trailer the colours only seem to represent the emotions of the characters.    

Narrative structures.

In terms of narrative structures this trailer goes against Todorov's theory of narrative structures. This trailer shows the audience about the hectic life's of the characters within it so, one could say that the trailer only showcases the disruption. However, this could also be interpreted as being the equilibrium. Since the drugs had always been in the lives of the characters this would have been a normal thing for them, this would have been their balance. 

Shot types and camera angles.

 The first shot types that is used in this trailer is the tracking shot, this shot is encoded in the trailer to connote to the audience that there is some sort of chase happening. An example of this is in the beginning of the trailer after 3 seconds, where by two of the protagonist are seen running through a Scottish town being chased by the police. Another shot type that is used within the trailer is the close up shot, this is encoded in the trailer so that the audience can emphasise with the characters within the trailer so that audience can gain an understanding of how the drugs is effecting the characters and also build an artificial relationship with them. An example of this is after each scene, there is a close up of each of the characters within the trailer. Within the trailer one of the camera angles that is used is the low angle. In this trailer the angle is used to connote to the audience the dominance of the women and the power that they have over the men, an example of this is at 1:23 - 1.25. Another angle that is used within the trailer is the high angle. In the trailer the high angle is used to connote the vulnerability of Renton, in the frame 1:36.

Editing.

In this trailer there some editing techniques that are encoded in the trailer to help it complete one of its purpose which is to promote the film. One of these techniques is the freeze frame, this is used in the trailer to connote to the audience the introduction of a new character. An example of this is at 0.27 seconds into the trailer where you can see the character Spud being introduced. Another editing technique that is used in the trailer are title graphics, this is used along with the freeze frame so that the audience knows exactly who the character is that is being introduced. 

Sound - The non-diegetic sound in this trailer is very fast paced and it has a happy theme to it which connotes the chasing that is happening. This use of non-diegetic sound occurs throughout the trailer.

Intended audience. 

The contents that the trailer shows of the film is intended for people who are 18+, this is because the film is focused on the topic of drugs and how it can affect people. If the film was aim for younger people then this would create controversy among the audience as this can be seen as a bad influence for younger people, older people are less impressionable so they wouldn't be affect by the contents of the film.  

5. Kill list

Kill list - (2011) Trailer. Directed by Ben WHEATLEY. UK: Warp Films. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqkqF--v1tg [ Last accessed 10/9/14 ]

This audio visual product is a trailer and the main purpose of this trailer is the entertain the audience. All audio visual products are mediated to create a preferred reading ( Stuart Hall 1980) to the audience. The preferred reading (Hall 1980) of Kill list is about two former military men who have returned home after a failed mission. Now hit-men they receive a job with a huge pay out,  what starts off as an easy task beings to unravel sending the hit-men into darkness.
Form - Like all film trailers this film trailer is non-linear, if he film trailer wasn't non-linear then there will be no point in watching the film as you would have know when and what events are going to talk place in the film.
The mise en scene used in the trailer creates a variety of representations:
Location - One of the locations that are denoted is the family home of one of the hitmen. The home connotes they lifestyle of the him and his family have been living which is very upper class. Because of the nature of work that the hitmen do, there are many locations that are encoded which create a preferred reading for the audience. For example one of the homes that are encoded in the trailer is a big mansion which connotes wealth.
Costume and make up - The costumes that the main character wear are endcoded to create a preferred reading (Hall 1980) of what you would expect to see men like Jay and Gal ( protagonist) to wear, with them being former military. Both characters are seen wearing very manly clothes, jeans and a plain top ( most likely to be black or white) and a jacket. The style and the colour of their clothes connotes the personality of the two characters which seem audacious. The two main characters are always seen in dark clothing.
Props - One of the props that have been denoted in the trailer is a gun, this is one of the main stereotypes of a hitman as he would need a gun in order to kill someone. Another one of the props that have been denoted is a body bag, this connotes another stereotype of a hitman because stereotypically hitmen are quiet and like to stay undetected.
Gestures - The body movement of the two main characters connotes to the audience that they are casual men who are just like everyone else. Their body movement challenges what you expect a hitman's would be like, a good posture. However the main characters look also connotes that their movement is by choice so that they can stay incognito to the people who are on their list. This fits in with the John Berger theory where ' men act and women appear '. In the trailer the wife of one of the hitmen appear on scene looking after the kids while the man goes of on his next job. The wife is just there to keep the house clean and tidy for the husband, while he goes of risking his life and bringing home all of the money.
Lighting and colour - The lighting that has been encoded within the trailer is very low key, this connotes the mood to the audience. Throughout the trailer is mood is very melancholic however the lighting in the trailer does sometimes become quite high key, these moments occur when the mood is very happy. For example when one of the hitmen is stednig time with his family and is playing with his son. But when the enigma comes back the lighting becomes very low key. In this trailer the colours seem to connote the situation at that current time.

Narrative structure. 

This trailer challenges Todorov's theory of narratives. The trailer starts with the equilibrium where you can see all of the main characters laughing and having a good time. However, when the enigma is shown it does not change the rest of the trailer stays at the enigma. This is shown within the trailer after the money is placed on the table, the music becomes very melancholic and there is fast paced editing.  Instead of the trailer ending on the restoration of the equilibrium it end on a cliff hanger, creating questions on what is going to happen next.
Regrading Kate Domailie about the narrative types, this trailer fits into the 'Faust'. This is because in the trailer you can see the mass amount of money that is placed on the table for the two main characters, this connotes to the audience that whatever the characters are about to do is going to have a catastrophic impact on the trailer.  

Shot types and camera angels. 

Out of the many shot types that are encoded in the trailer one of the main ones is the close up shot, in this trailer the close up shot is used to connote the importance of the characters and the mood the scene. An example of this is 11 seconds into the trailer when the characters are seen laughing and having a good time, this is important in the trailer because the genre of the film is a horror/thriller. Therefore by having the mood as very happy and joyful, when the enigma appears it has a greater impact on the film and the trailer. Another shot that is used is the extreme close up shot, this is encoded within the trailer emphasise the importance of the prop which is the gun. This is done to connote to the audience that the gun will be a key feature within the trailer. One of the camera movements that are used in the trailer is the tracking shot, this is encoded in the trailer to connote to the audience that there is a chase is happening. An example of this is at 1minute 16, although it is very brief you can se that the two main characters are being chased through a tunnel.

Editing. 

The editing techniques that are used in the trailer help the trailer to achieve one of its purpose's which is to entertain the audience. One of those editing techniques is are title graphics, in this trailer to title graphics are used to connote to the audience about how well the film showcases the genre it is in which is a horror. This also allows the trailer to complete its purpose which is to promote the film. Another editing technique is the fade to black, within this trailer it connotes to the audience of a mystery. Because the genre of the film is a horror, when the screen fades to black the audience is left wondering what is going to happen next. 

Sound - The use of non-diegetic sound in the trailer is very slow paced and has crescendo's which connotes horror and mystery. This fits in with the genre of the film trailer which is a horror.   

Intended audience.

The intended audience for this film who be a 15+, although it is a horror there aren't any gory scenes and the violence is very minimal. The film is more 'jumpy' than just meaningless violence so thereofre it would be suitable for 15 year old and onwards. If there was more elements of a typical horror film like blood then the age rating would be higher as it would then not be suitable for teens.